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GPs can prescribe B12 injections following appropriate investigation, which should include: Full blood count to identify macrocytic anaemia Serum B12 and folate levels to confirm deficiency (using laboratory-specific reference ranges) Methylmalonic acid and/or homocysteine when B12 results are borderline Intrinsic factor antibodies if pernicious anaemia is suspected Additional tests depending on clinical presentation (e.g., thyroid function, coeliac serology) When both B12 and folate deficiency are present, B12 should be replaced before folate to avoid precipitating subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

Vitamin B12 injections are primarily used to: Treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency Manage pernicious anemia Support patients with malabsorption disorders Aid those with dietary restrictions, such as vegans or vegetarians Offset vitamin loss due to medications like metformin or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

The eight B vitamins included in a typical B complex supplement are: Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) : Essential for energy metabolism and nerve function

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