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Despite studies investigating the antifibrotic potential of TGF/Smad inhibition, we believe that the early induction of TGF-mediated fibrosis by fibroblast injection intervention in the acute and subacute stages of IDD will benefit patients by stabilizing and maintaining disc height to minimize the loss of biomechanical functions of the intervertebral disc

Suzuki et al., 2014)

While most studies focused specifically on cirrhosis, a small subset addressed chronic liver disease without cirrhosis, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and chronic hepatitis

For intramuscular injections, you can inject into the deltoid , gluteus , or quadriceps muscles