6LarsonAM, PolsonJ, FontanaRJ,
10.1007/s13311-020-00942-2 11 BrummelM
The rash can be: Itchy and uncomfortable Red, cracked, or sore Dry, scaly, or even blistering Persistent , lasting weeks if you keep encountering the allergen These allergens can be hiding in everyday products like: Makeup & skincare (foundation, shampoo, aftershave) Jewelry (nickel in earrings, watches, belt buckles) Medications (topical creams, antibiotics, adhesives) Work-related materials (cleaning supplies, latex gloves, ink, construction materials) Since many of these substances are found in multiple products , identifying the exact trigger is trickywhich is why patch testing is so important

This action appears to result from a combination of mechanisms including: blocking Na+ channels (possibly the most important mechanism) enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition in the CNS (by increasing GABA levels by a variety of mechanisms) increase in K+ currents block of T-type Ca2+ channels blockade of excitatory NMDA receptor-mediated excitation NOTE: sodium valproate is the salt form of valproic acid