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Glossary BBR Berberine AKI Acute kidney injury CKD Chronic kidney disease NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs I/R Ischemia-reperfusion ROS Reactive oxygen species IRI Ischemia-reperfusion injury UUO Unilateral ureteral obstruction TGF- Transforming growth factor- IL-1 Interleukin-1 IL-6 Interleukin-6 SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype NF-B Nuclear factor-B NLRP3 NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 Ang II Angiotensin II STZ Streptozotocin TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 LC3 Light chain 3 Bcl-XL B-cell lymphoma-XL Atg5 Autophagy-related protein Atg7 Autophagy-related protein 7 DN Diabetic nephropathy ESRD End-stage renal disease Cr Creatinine BUN Blood urea nitrogen HG High glucose FN Fibronectin S1P Sphingosine 1-phosphate AMPK Adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase GSDMD Gasdermin D Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition RF Renal fibrosis ECM Extracellular matrix TECs Tubular epithelial cells FAO Fatty acid oxidation ATP Adenosine triphosphate PPAR- Peroxiisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha CPT1A Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A ARF Acute renal failure H/R Hypoxia/reoxygenation HK-2 Human kidney-2 BBR-NP Berberine nanoparticles D-gal D-galactose MDA Malondialdehyde HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1 PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2 CP Cisplatin MTX Methotrexate DOX Doxorubicin KIM-1 Kidney injury molecule-1 H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide CAT Catalase GM Gentamicin NO Nitric oxide NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin SOD Superoxide dismutase GSH Glutathione NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Cyt-C Cytochrome-c References 1 AdilM.KandhareA

It works by suppressing the tyrosinase enzyme and shifting melanin synthesis from darker eumelanin to lighter pheomelanin

Kegel, P., Riballo, E., Khne, M., Jeggo, P

Namun, beberapa riset juga menyebutkan bahwa tranexamic acid bermanfaat untuk mengatasi hiperpigmentasi, termasuk flek hitam di wajah