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5 Future outlook and direction The metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells has garnered significant attention, and drugs targeting metabolic processes are constantly being developed

The resulting increase in intracellular NAD+ availability activates sirtuins particularly SIRT1, which regulates insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation, and SIRT3, which governs mitochondrial antioxidant defences and energy metabolism

doi: 10.2174/1568026619666191114104718 162 KimBYJangSYChoiDHJungCHMokJOKimCH

Specifically, redox proteomics identified oxidative modification by HNE of many enzymes associated with glucose metabolism, including those associated with glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron chain of mitochondria (6, 15, 25, 29, 124, 125, 131134)