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Acar E, Lores-Motta L, Colijn JM, Meester-Smoor MA, Verzijden T, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Ajana S, Merle BMJ, de Breuk A, Heesterbeek TJ, van den Akker E, Daha MR, Claes B, Pauleikhoff D, Hense HW, van Duijn CM, Fauser S, Hoyng CB, Delcourt C, Klaver CCW, Galesloot TE, den Hollander AI

First, ATG12 is activated by the E1 enzyme ATG7 and transferred to the E2 enzyme ATG10 after a sequential reaction to bind ATG5 and recruit ATG16L1 to form the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex (Nakatogawa, 2013), which acts as an ubiquitin-like E3 enzyme and is recruited to the phagophore by WIPI2 (Dooley et al., 2014

Taxifolin is a flavonoid that exhibits antioxidant activity

In Vitro Investigation of HIF-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy